Selamat !
Dalam rangka HUT PGRI Tahun 2009 Team Hadroh Modern "Al Firdaus" OSIS SMK PGRI Ponorogo meraih Juara Pertama dalam Lomba Hadroh Modern Tingkat Pelajar SMA/SMK se Kabupaten Ponorogo .
Saksikan Rekamannya ..........dan Selamat Menikmati
Kamis, 12 November 2009
Jumat, 23 Oktober 2009
It's Showtime
Insyaflah wahai manusia
Jika dirimu ternoda
Dunia hanya naungan
Tuk makhluk ciptaan Tuhan
Selengkapnya simak videoku !!!!!
Senin, 23 Maret 2009
Reaksi Kimia Pada Battery Lead Acid
Electrochemistry
Each cell contains (in the charged state) electrodes of lead metal (Pb) and lead (IV) dioxide (PbO2) in an electrolyte of about 33.5% w/w (6 Molar) sulfuric acid (H2SO4). In the discharged state both electrodes turn into lead(II) sulfate (PbSO4) and the electrolyte loses its dissolved sulfuric acid and becomes primarily water. Due to the freezing-point depression of water, as the battery discharges and the concentration of sulfuric acid decreases, the electrolyte is more likely to freeze.
The chemical reactions are (charged to discharged):
Anode (oxidation):
Cathode (reduction):
Because of the open cells with liquid electrolyte in most lead-acid batteries, overcharging with excessive charging voltages will generate oxygen and hydrogen gas by electrolysis of water, forming an explosive mix. The acid electrolyte is also corrosive.
Practical cells are usually not made with pure lead but have small amounts of antimony, tin, or calcium alloyed in the plate material.
These are general voltage ranges for six-cell lead-acid batteries:
Open-circuit (quiescent) at full charge: 12.6 V to 12.8 V (2.10-2.13V per cell)
Open-circuit at full discharge: 11.8 V to 12.0 V
Loaded at full discharge: 10.5 V.
Continuous-preservation (float) charging: 13.4 V for gelled electrolyte; 13.5 V for AGM (absorbed glass mat) and 13.8 V for flooded cells
1. All voltages are at 20 °C, and must be adjusted -0.022V/°C for temperature changes.
2. Float voltage recommendations vary, according to the manufacturer's recommendation.
3. Precise (±0.05 V) float voltage is critical to longevity; too low (sulfation) is almost as bad as too high (corrosion and electrolyte loss)
Typical (daily) charging: 14.2 V to 14.5 V (depending on manufacturer's recommendation)
Equalization charging (for flooded lead acids): 15 V for no more than 2 hours. Battery temperature must be monitored.
Gassing threshold: 14.4 V
After full charge the terminal voltage will drop quickly to 13.2 V and then slowly to 12.6 V.
Because the electrolyte takes part in the charge-discharge reaction, this battery has one major advantage over other chemistries. It is relatively simple to determine the state of charge by merely measuring the specific gravity (S.G.) of the electrolyte, the S.G. falling as the battery discharges. Some battery designs have a simple hydrometer built in using coloured floating balls of differing density. When used in diesel-electric submarines, the S.G. was regularly measured and written on a blackboard in the control room to apprise the commander as to how much underwater endurance the boat had remaining.
Gel battery
A gel battery (also known as a "gel cell") is a rechargeable valve regulated lead-acid battery with a gelified electrolyte. Unlike a traditional wet-cell lead-acid battery, these batteries do not need to be kept upright (though they cannot be charged inverted). In addition, gel batteries virtually eliminate the electrolyte evaporation, spillage (and subsequent corrosion issues) common to the wet-cell battery, and boast greater resistance to extreme temperatures, shock, and vibration. These batteries are often colloquially referred to as sealed lead-acid (SLA) batteries due to their non-leaking containers, but they are not completely sealed; the valve regulation system allows for gas to be expelled. Chemically they are the same as wet (non sealed) batteries except that the antimony in the lead plates is replaced by calcium. This preserves the mechanical characteristics but renders the construction far less prone to gassing. The battery type is often referred to as a Lead-Calcium battery.
At high currents, electrolysis of water occurs, expelling Hydrogen and Oxygen gas through the battery's valves. Care must be taken to prevent short circuits and rapid charging. Charging with a constant voltage (called the float charge voltage; 2.26 V per cell for a lead-acid chemistry) can cause a rapid initial current, so therefore it is suggested to begin with a constant current, using constant voltage only for the final portion of the charging. However, the float charge voltage should not be exceeded by much for typical usage, so the switch between the two modes typically occurs when the float voltage is needed to sustain the charging current through the battery's internal resistance (as per Ohm's Law). The easiest way to implement this is to use a constant voltage device with a current limiter.
Each cell contains (in the charged state) electrodes of lead metal (Pb) and lead (IV) dioxide (PbO2) in an electrolyte of about 33.5% w/w (6 Molar) sulfuric acid (H2SO4). In the discharged state both electrodes turn into lead(II) sulfate (PbSO4) and the electrolyte loses its dissolved sulfuric acid and becomes primarily water. Due to the freezing-point depression of water, as the battery discharges and the concentration of sulfuric acid decreases, the electrolyte is more likely to freeze.
The chemical reactions are (charged to discharged):
Anode (oxidation):
Cathode (reduction):
Because of the open cells with liquid electrolyte in most lead-acid batteries, overcharging with excessive charging voltages will generate oxygen and hydrogen gas by electrolysis of water, forming an explosive mix. The acid electrolyte is also corrosive.
Practical cells are usually not made with pure lead but have small amounts of antimony, tin, or calcium alloyed in the plate material.
These are general voltage ranges for six-cell lead-acid batteries:
Open-circuit (quiescent) at full charge: 12.6 V to 12.8 V (2.10-2.13V per cell)
Open-circuit at full discharge: 11.8 V to 12.0 V
Loaded at full discharge: 10.5 V.
Continuous-preservation (float) charging: 13.4 V for gelled electrolyte; 13.5 V for AGM (absorbed glass mat) and 13.8 V for flooded cells
1. All voltages are at 20 °C, and must be adjusted -0.022V/°C for temperature changes.
2. Float voltage recommendations vary, according to the manufacturer's recommendation.
3. Precise (±0.05 V) float voltage is critical to longevity; too low (sulfation) is almost as bad as too high (corrosion and electrolyte loss)
Typical (daily) charging: 14.2 V to 14.5 V (depending on manufacturer's recommendation)
Equalization charging (for flooded lead acids): 15 V for no more than 2 hours. Battery temperature must be monitored.
Gassing threshold: 14.4 V
After full charge the terminal voltage will drop quickly to 13.2 V and then slowly to 12.6 V.
Because the electrolyte takes part in the charge-discharge reaction, this battery has one major advantage over other chemistries. It is relatively simple to determine the state of charge by merely measuring the specific gravity (S.G.) of the electrolyte, the S.G. falling as the battery discharges. Some battery designs have a simple hydrometer built in using coloured floating balls of differing density. When used in diesel-electric submarines, the S.G. was regularly measured and written on a blackboard in the control room to apprise the commander as to how much underwater endurance the boat had remaining.
Gel battery
A gel battery (also known as a "gel cell") is a rechargeable valve regulated lead-acid battery with a gelified electrolyte. Unlike a traditional wet-cell lead-acid battery, these batteries do not need to be kept upright (though they cannot be charged inverted). In addition, gel batteries virtually eliminate the electrolyte evaporation, spillage (and subsequent corrosion issues) common to the wet-cell battery, and boast greater resistance to extreme temperatures, shock, and vibration. These batteries are often colloquially referred to as sealed lead-acid (SLA) batteries due to their non-leaking containers, but they are not completely sealed; the valve regulation system allows for gas to be expelled. Chemically they are the same as wet (non sealed) batteries except that the antimony in the lead plates is replaced by calcium. This preserves the mechanical characteristics but renders the construction far less prone to gassing. The battery type is often referred to as a Lead-Calcium battery.
At high currents, electrolysis of water occurs, expelling Hydrogen and Oxygen gas through the battery's valves. Care must be taken to prevent short circuits and rapid charging. Charging with a constant voltage (called the float charge voltage; 2.26 V per cell for a lead-acid chemistry) can cause a rapid initial current, so therefore it is suggested to begin with a constant current, using constant voltage only for the final portion of the charging. However, the float charge voltage should not be exceeded by much for typical usage, so the switch between the two modes typically occurs when the float voltage is needed to sustain the charging current through the battery's internal resistance (as per Ohm's Law). The easiest way to implement this is to use a constant voltage device with a current limiter.
Label:
aki,
akumulator,
batery,
elektrochemistry,
gel battery,
lead acid
Rabu, 18 Februari 2009
EFI
Minggu, 28 Desember 2008
Jumat, 19 Desember 2008
PLPG
Senin, 01 Desember 2008
Inilah Orangtuaku
Saat berangkat dari rumah pada hari Ahad 30 November 2008 jam 4 30 pagi menuju ke aloon aloon Ponorogo sempat pamitan ke seluruh jamaah Masjid Muttaqien Ngunut yang kebetulan sudah turun dari Shalat Subuh .Mengharukan ........ diringi siak tangis para sodara termasuk Mbah buyutku ( Ibuknya Ibuk) . Minggu yang cerah .......
Ortuku Pergi Haji
Minggu, 19 Oktober 2008
Mari Membaca Quran dengan Tajwid Yang Benar
Baca Qur'an Begini Kayaknya Asyik
Klik Link below........
Quran Explorer - Interactive Audio Recitations & Translations
Klik Link below........
Quran Explorer - Interactive Audio Recitations & Translations
Selasa, 26 Agustus 2008
RPP HITUNG LANJUT SMK TEKNIK PEMESINAN
RPP
(RENCANA PELAKSANAAN PEMBELAJARAN)
Mata Pelajaran : Melakukan Perhitungan (Lanjut)
Kode Kompetensi : M 2 8 C 10
Kelas /Semester : X/2
Alokasi Waktu : 2 x 45 Menit
Kompetensi Dasar : .Membuat diagram dan grafik dari informasi yang diberikan
Sub Kompetensi : Diagram dan Grafik
I. Tujuan Pembelajaran
Memahami cara membuat diagram dan grafik
II. Materi Pelajaran:
Diagram dan Grafik
Tahapan Cara Membuat Grafik :
Tahap 1 : Mengumpulkan sejumlah informasi dari berbagai sumber secara acak kemudian mencatatnya secara sistimastis sehingga nanti dapat secara mudah dikelompokkan ;ada baiknya kita membuat blanko kosong terlebih dahuli
Tahap 2 : Melakukan Klasifikasi (Pengelompokan ) berdasar informasi yang telah kita kumpulkan dan membuat table klasifikasi /penggolongan berdasar blanko yang telah diisi
Tahap 3 : Melakukan perhitungan berdasar klasifikasi tertentu untuk memunculkan keterangan mengenai prosentase /bagian yang ada
Tahap 4 :Menggambar sesuai bentuk diagram standar (batang ,lingkaran)
III. Metode Pembelajaran
1. Presentasi Materi Cara membuat Diagram dan Grafik
2. Request
3. Respon
4. Penugasan
5. Mengerjakan Soal
6. Pembahasan Soal
IV. Langkah langkah Pembelajaran
Pembelajaran dikemas dalam 3 tahapan:
1. Kegiatan awal:
- Kegiatan Apersepsi
- Tanya jawab jajak kemampuan siswa yang berkaitan dengan materi Diagram dan Grafik
2. Kegiatan Inti
- Guru melakukan Presentasi Materi dengan LCD proyektor
- Siswa memperhatikan dan mencatan hal hal penting
- Siswa menyampaiakan request tentang materi yang dibahas
- Guru Merespon request
- Guru memberikan pertanyaan pendalaman
- Siswa menjawab pertanyaan pendalaman
3. Kegiatan Akhir
- Guru menanyakan kesulitan siswa selama proses pembelajaran.
- Guru dan siswa menyimpulkan materi pembelajaran.
- Guru memberi ujian kompetensi/sub kompetensi .
IV. Sumber Belajar
1. Buku “Matematika Teknik ” ;
2. Worksheet Data Siswa Baru Prog Keahlian Teknik Pemesinan
3. Contoh Grafik Mesin Diesel
4. Contoh Diagram Batang
V. Media /Alat Pembelajaran
1. Wallchart Grafik Mesin Diesel
2. Wallchart Diagram Batang
VI. Penilaian
a. Kisi Kisi Soal
b. Kartu Soal
JENIS SEKOLAH:
SMK (TEKNIK PEMESINAN)
MATA PELAJARAN:
MELAKUKAN PERHITUNGAN LANJUT
KELAS/SEMESTER:
X/2
BENTUK TES:
ESSAY
ALOKASI WAKTU:
1 X 45 MENIT
TAHUN PELAJARAN:
2007/2008
PENYUSUN:
WAKHID KUMAIDI
Uraian Materi Pelajaran :
Tahap 1 : Mengumpulkan sejumlah informasi dari berbagai sumber secara acak kemudian mencatatnya secara sistimastis sehingga nanti dapat secara mudah dikelompokkan ;ada baiknya kita membuat blanko kosong terlebih dahuli
Tahap 2 : Melakukan Klasifikasi (Pengelompokan ) berdasar informasi yang telah kita kumpulkan dan membuat table klasifikasi /penggolongan berdasar blanko yang telah diisi
Tahap 3 : Melakukan perhitungan berdasar klasifikasi tertentu untuk memunculkan keterangan mengenai prosentase /bagian yang ada
Tahap 4 :Menggambar sesuai bentuk diagram standar (batang ,lingkaran)
Indikator Soal:
Informasi yang digunakan untuk menghasilkan diagram dan grafik sederhana sebagaimana diperlukan dapat diambil
Butir Soal :
Berdasar Data berikut Buatlah Diagram Batang dari korban luka melalui tahapan membuat grafik yang sesuai !
( Soal dilampiri tabel yang memuat data data korban secara lengkap)
c. Kunci Jawaban
Kunci Jawaban Soal 1
Ada sebuah diagram batang seperti dibawah ini :
Sik.........sesuk tak kasih fotonya
d. Pedoman Penilaian
1. Total Skor 100
2. Untuk Soal Essay skor maksimal untuk
· No 1 70
· No 2 30
· Total Skor 100
3. Nilai siswa diperoleh ditentukan sbb
NK = Jumlah Total Skor
Mengetahui
Kepala Sekolah
H.S.Pirngadi ,BA.
Ponorogo 16 Juli 2007
Guru Mata Pelajaran
Drs Wakhid Kumaidi
NI GTT 05 19 0022
Terimakasih sudah berkunjung ke sini ;lebih jauh mohon kunjung http://gurumesin.blogspot.com
(RENCANA PELAKSANAAN PEMBELAJARAN)
Mata Pelajaran : Melakukan Perhitungan (Lanjut)
Kode Kompetensi : M 2 8 C 10
Kelas /Semester : X/2
Alokasi Waktu : 2 x 45 Menit
Kompetensi Dasar : .Membuat diagram dan grafik dari informasi yang diberikan
Sub Kompetensi : Diagram dan Grafik
I. Tujuan Pembelajaran
Memahami cara membuat diagram dan grafik
II. Materi Pelajaran:
Diagram dan Grafik
Tahapan Cara Membuat Grafik :
Tahap 1 : Mengumpulkan sejumlah informasi dari berbagai sumber secara acak kemudian mencatatnya secara sistimastis sehingga nanti dapat secara mudah dikelompokkan ;ada baiknya kita membuat blanko kosong terlebih dahuli
Tahap 2 : Melakukan Klasifikasi (Pengelompokan ) berdasar informasi yang telah kita kumpulkan dan membuat table klasifikasi /penggolongan berdasar blanko yang telah diisi
Tahap 3 : Melakukan perhitungan berdasar klasifikasi tertentu untuk memunculkan keterangan mengenai prosentase /bagian yang ada
Tahap 4 :Menggambar sesuai bentuk diagram standar (batang ,lingkaran)
III. Metode Pembelajaran
1. Presentasi Materi Cara membuat Diagram dan Grafik
2. Request
3. Respon
4. Penugasan
5. Mengerjakan Soal
6. Pembahasan Soal
IV. Langkah langkah Pembelajaran
Pembelajaran dikemas dalam 3 tahapan:
1. Kegiatan awal:
- Kegiatan Apersepsi
- Tanya jawab jajak kemampuan siswa yang berkaitan dengan materi Diagram dan Grafik
2. Kegiatan Inti
- Guru melakukan Presentasi Materi dengan LCD proyektor
- Siswa memperhatikan dan mencatan hal hal penting
- Siswa menyampaiakan request tentang materi yang dibahas
- Guru Merespon request
- Guru memberikan pertanyaan pendalaman
- Siswa menjawab pertanyaan pendalaman
3. Kegiatan Akhir
- Guru menanyakan kesulitan siswa selama proses pembelajaran.
- Guru dan siswa menyimpulkan materi pembelajaran.
- Guru memberi ujian kompetensi/sub kompetensi .
IV. Sumber Belajar
1. Buku “Matematika Teknik ” ;
2. Worksheet Data Siswa Baru Prog Keahlian Teknik Pemesinan
3. Contoh Grafik Mesin Diesel
4. Contoh Diagram Batang
V. Media /Alat Pembelajaran
1. Wallchart Grafik Mesin Diesel
2. Wallchart Diagram Batang
VI. Penilaian
a. Kisi Kisi Soal
b. Kartu Soal
JENIS SEKOLAH:
SMK (TEKNIK PEMESINAN)
MATA PELAJARAN:
MELAKUKAN PERHITUNGAN LANJUT
KELAS/SEMESTER:
X/2
BENTUK TES:
ESSAY
ALOKASI WAKTU:
1 X 45 MENIT
TAHUN PELAJARAN:
2007/2008
PENYUSUN:
WAKHID KUMAIDI
Uraian Materi Pelajaran :
Tahap 1 : Mengumpulkan sejumlah informasi dari berbagai sumber secara acak kemudian mencatatnya secara sistimastis sehingga nanti dapat secara mudah dikelompokkan ;ada baiknya kita membuat blanko kosong terlebih dahuli
Tahap 2 : Melakukan Klasifikasi (Pengelompokan ) berdasar informasi yang telah kita kumpulkan dan membuat table klasifikasi /penggolongan berdasar blanko yang telah diisi
Tahap 3 : Melakukan perhitungan berdasar klasifikasi tertentu untuk memunculkan keterangan mengenai prosentase /bagian yang ada
Tahap 4 :Menggambar sesuai bentuk diagram standar (batang ,lingkaran)
Indikator Soal:
Informasi yang digunakan untuk menghasilkan diagram dan grafik sederhana sebagaimana diperlukan dapat diambil
Butir Soal :
Berdasar Data berikut Buatlah Diagram Batang dari korban luka melalui tahapan membuat grafik yang sesuai !
( Soal dilampiri tabel yang memuat data data korban secara lengkap)
c. Kunci Jawaban
Kunci Jawaban Soal 1
Ada sebuah diagram batang seperti dibawah ini :
Sik.........sesuk tak kasih fotonya
d. Pedoman Penilaian
1. Total Skor 100
2. Untuk Soal Essay skor maksimal untuk
· No 1 70
· No 2 30
· Total Skor 100
3. Nilai siswa diperoleh ditentukan sbb
NK = Jumlah Total Skor
Mengetahui
Kepala Sekolah
H.S.Pirngadi ,BA.
Ponorogo 16 Juli 2007
Guru Mata Pelajaran
Drs Wakhid Kumaidi
NI GTT 05 19 0022
Terimakasih sudah berkunjung ke sini ;lebih jauh mohon kunjung http://gurumesin.blogspot.com
Jumat, 22 Agustus 2008
pakde juga ngeblog lho...........
Dhek kapan kae aku njajal mbuka website e cah cah Ponorogo ;judule http://www.kotareyog.com/. Jarene kuwi pwerkumpulan blogger warok (maksude blogger e wong ponorogo ).
Biyuh jan ora ndloooooomooooooook .
Tibane cah ponorogo ki wis podho endhak endhak .Nek perkoro nggawe website wis akeh sing godak .
Pakdhe yo kur melu melu wae ;yooooo ngajeni sing enom enom ,sing sik seger pikirane ,urung do mikir korupsi ;mboh engko nek wis podho oleh jabatan .Mugo mugo wae pikirane tetep podho resik .
Sak mene wae soko pakdhe.
Jajalalen website pakde neng : http://pakdewakhid.blogspot.com/ ben podho ngerti pakde ki sopo . Rak yo ngono to .leeeeeeeee
Gambare pakde sik dibunderi abang kuwi lho cahhhhhhhh
Kamis, 31 Juli 2008
Film Pendek Buatan Anakku "Friendship"
FRIENDSHIP
The First Film Directed by My Son (e ......ngak ding . dia download dari you tube
The First Film Directed by My Son (e ......ngak ding . dia download dari you tube
Sabtu, 26 Juli 2008
Ultimate Boot CD
Untuk para teknisi komputer atau siswa SMK Program Keahlian Teknik Komputer pasti butuh tool ini .Namanya Ultimatebootcd.
Tool ini berguna untuk memulai instalasi sistem operasi atau repair sistem operasi yang trouble .
UBCD bisa berjalan dalam sistem DOS ataupun sistem operasi Windows maupun Linux .
Tool bisa didapat di http://www.ultimatebootcd.com/
Tool ini berguna untuk memulai instalasi sistem operasi atau repair sistem operasi yang trouble .
UBCD bisa berjalan dalam sistem DOS ataupun sistem operasi Windows maupun Linux .
Tool bisa didapat di http://www.ultimatebootcd.com/
Jumat, 25 Juli 2008
Assalaamu'alaikum Warahmatullaahi Wabarakaatuhu
Salam sejahtera kami sampaikan semoga kita tetap dalam lindungan Allah Swt. Amiin....
Blog saya mungkin terlihat kuno dan biasa biasa saja .Tak apalah ,memang demikian adanya .
Ketahuilah bahwasanya blog ini dibuat secara otodidak dengan modal nekat berkat adanya komunitas internet di kompleks PERUMDA,KENITEN ,KABUPATEN PONOROGO.
Lebih lanjut kunjungi http://perumda01.blogspot.com/
Blog saya mungkin terlihat kuno dan biasa biasa saja .Tak apalah ,memang demikian adanya .
Ketahuilah bahwasanya blog ini dibuat secara otodidak dengan modal nekat berkat adanya komunitas internet di kompleks PERUMDA,KENITEN ,KABUPATEN PONOROGO.
Lebih lanjut kunjungi http://perumda01.blogspot.com/
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